Our aim in the Toomey lab is to understand the mechanisms, functions, and evolution of animal coloration and vision. We focus on the physiology and biochemistry of carotenoid and retinoid pigments. We use comparative genomics, transcriptions, molecular cloning, and heterologous expression systems to discover the mechanisms of pigment metabolism and transport. We investigate the biology of these mechanisms across levels of organization from organelles to ecology to gain insights into evolution of elaborate traits and functional adaptations.